Phosphate and Ammonium Removal from Water through Electrochemical and Chemical Precipitation of Struvite

Batch electrocoagulation (BEC), continuous (CEC), and chemical precipitation (CP) were compared in struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) from synthetic authentic water. In water treatment (SWT), yield was BEC 1.72, CEC 0.61, CP 1.54 kg/m3. Corresponding values (AWT) 2.55, 3.04, 2.47 SWT, 1 kg costs BEC, CEC, 0.55, 0.11 €, respectively, for AWT 0.35, 0.22 0.07 €. Phosphate removal SWT 93.6, 74.5, 71.6% CP, the corresponding rates 89.7, 77.8, 74.4%. Ammonium 79.4, 51.5, 62.5%, 56.1, 64.1, 60.9%. Efficiency are equal nutrient recovery although energy efficiency better CEC. is cheaper than